TY - JOUR
T1 - Active Site Engineering in Porous Electrocatalysts
AU - Chen, Hui
AU - Liang, Xiao
AU - Liu, Yipu
AU - Ai, Xuan
AU - Asefa, Tewodros
AU - Zou, Xiaoxin
N1 - Funding Information:
X.Z. thanks for the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC): Grant Nos. 21922507 and 21771079; the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation: Grant No.161011. H.C. acknowledges the financial supports from the NSFC (Grant No. 21901083), the Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program (Grant No. BX20180120), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2018M641771). The authors also thank the NSFC (Grant No. 21621001) and the 111 Project (No. B17020) for financial support.
PY - 2020/11/1
Y1 - 2020/11/1
N2 - Electrocatalysis is at the center of many sustainable energy conversion technologies that are being developed to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. The past decade has witnessed significant progresses in the exploitation of advanced electrocatalysts for diverse electrochemical reactions involved in electrolyzers and fuel cells, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, the recent research advances made in porous electrocatalysts for these five important reactions are reviewed. In the discussions, an attempt is made to highlight the advantages of porous electrocatalysts in multiobjective optimization of surface active sites including not only their density and accessibility but also their intrinsic activity. First, the current knowledge about electrocatalytic active sites is briefly summarized. Then, the electrocatalytic mechanisms of the five above-mentioned reactions (HER, ORR, CO2RR, NRR, and OER), the current challenges faced by these reactions, and the recent efforts to meet these challenges using porous electrocatalysts are examined. Finally, the future research directions on porous electrocatalysts including synthetic strategies leading to these materials, insights into their active sites, and the standardized tests and the performance requirements involved are discussed.
AB - Electrocatalysis is at the center of many sustainable energy conversion technologies that are being developed to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. The past decade has witnessed significant progresses in the exploitation of advanced electrocatalysts for diverse electrochemical reactions involved in electrolyzers and fuel cells, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, the recent research advances made in porous electrocatalysts for these five important reactions are reviewed. In the discussions, an attempt is made to highlight the advantages of porous electrocatalysts in multiobjective optimization of surface active sites including not only their density and accessibility but also their intrinsic activity. First, the current knowledge about electrocatalytic active sites is briefly summarized. Then, the electrocatalytic mechanisms of the five above-mentioned reactions (HER, ORR, CO2RR, NRR, and OER), the current challenges faced by these reactions, and the recent efforts to meet these challenges using porous electrocatalysts are examined. Finally, the future research directions on porous electrocatalysts including synthetic strategies leading to these materials, insights into their active sites, and the standardized tests and the performance requirements involved are discussed.
KW - active sites
KW - electrocatalysis
KW - electronic structures
KW - energy conversion
KW - porous materials
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U2 - 10.1002/adma.202002435
DO - 10.1002/adma.202002435
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32666550
AN - SCOPUS:85087816367
VL - 32
JO - Advanced Materials
JF - Advanced Materials
SN - 0935-9648
IS - 44
M1 - 2002435
ER -