TY - JOUR
T1 - Cost, energy and emissions assessment of organic polymer light-emitting device architectures
AU - Carter, Catrice M.
AU - Cho, Justin
AU - Glanzer, Aaron
AU - Kamcev, Nikola
AU - O'Carroll, Deirdre M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge support from: the Jerome Goldstein Scholarship Fund for EcoEntrepreneuring ; the Corning, Inc. graduate fellowship program ; U. S. Department of Education's Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) fellowship program (award number P200A120142 ); U. S. National Science Foundation , Grant No. DMR-1309459 ; and The New Jersey Governor's School of Engineering and Technology Program . The authors thank Dr. Serpil Guran, Kelly Ruffenach, Sivarampragadeesh Siva and Xiaojun Wang for their support and useful interactions.
PY - 2016/11/20
Y1 - 2016/11/20
N2 - Proponents for sustainable alternative lighting and display options advocate for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly polymer-based organic light-emitting diodes (P-OLEDs), because of their potential for low-cost fabrication, more versatile device formats and lower power consumption compared to traditional options. Here, an economic, energy and CO2 emissions assessment is carried out for four different laboratory-scale, blue-emitting P-OLED device architectures: bottom-emitting conventional; bottom-emitting inverted; top-emitting conventional; and top-emitting inverted. Additionally, comparisons with a standard, commercial-scale, blue inorganic light-emitting diode (LED) device architecture are made. The various P-OLED device architectures are investigated due to their potential to increase operational lifetime (inverted) and light out-coupling efficiency (top-emitting). The following metrics are used in this assessment: device cost per area; yearly operating cost; optical power cost; CO2 emissions from device production; and yearly operating CO2 emissions. We show that the top-emitting inverted device architecture significantly reduces the device cost per area, yearly operating cost, optical power cost and CO2 emissions for the P-OLED devices, due to elimination of indium tin oxide and its comparatively high luminous efficacy and longer lifetime. In addition, the top-emitting inverted P-OLED device architecture performs competitively at the laboratory scale with commercial-scale inorganic LEDs for all metrics. However, if top-emitting P-OLEDs are to be manufactured on a large scale, the luminous efficacy assumed for laboratory-scale devices needs to remain constant throughout development to remain competitive.
AB - Proponents for sustainable alternative lighting and display options advocate for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly polymer-based organic light-emitting diodes (P-OLEDs), because of their potential for low-cost fabrication, more versatile device formats and lower power consumption compared to traditional options. Here, an economic, energy and CO2 emissions assessment is carried out for four different laboratory-scale, blue-emitting P-OLED device architectures: bottom-emitting conventional; bottom-emitting inverted; top-emitting conventional; and top-emitting inverted. Additionally, comparisons with a standard, commercial-scale, blue inorganic light-emitting diode (LED) device architecture are made. The various P-OLED device architectures are investigated due to their potential to increase operational lifetime (inverted) and light out-coupling efficiency (top-emitting). The following metrics are used in this assessment: device cost per area; yearly operating cost; optical power cost; CO2 emissions from device production; and yearly operating CO2 emissions. We show that the top-emitting inverted device architecture significantly reduces the device cost per area, yearly operating cost, optical power cost and CO2 emissions for the P-OLED devices, due to elimination of indium tin oxide and its comparatively high luminous efficacy and longer lifetime. In addition, the top-emitting inverted P-OLED device architecture performs competitively at the laboratory scale with commercial-scale inorganic LEDs for all metrics. However, if top-emitting P-OLEDs are to be manufactured on a large scale, the luminous efficacy assumed for laboratory-scale devices needs to remain constant throughout development to remain competitive.
KW - Cost
KW - Efficiency
KW - Energy
KW - Greenhouse gas
KW - Life-cycle
KW - Polymer OLED
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.186
DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.186
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84991066516
VL - 137
SP - 1418
EP - 1431
JO - Journal of Cleaner Production
JF - Journal of Cleaner Production
SN - 0959-6526
ER -