Abstract
One approach to achieve continuous overproduction of lipids in microalgal "cell factories" relies upon depletion or removal of nutrients that act as competing electron sinks (e. g., nitrate and sulfate). However, this strategy can only be effective for bioenergy applications if lipid is synthesized primarily de novo (from CO 2 fixation) rather than from the breakdown and interconversion of essential cellular components. In the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, it was determined, using 13C-bicarbonate, that cell growth in nitrate (NO 3 -)-deprived cultures resulted predominantly in de novo lipid synthesis (60 % over 3 days), and this new lipid consisted primarily of triacylglycerides (TAGs). Nearly complete preservation of 12C occurred in all previously existing TAGs in NO 3 --deprived cultures and thus, further TAG accumulation would not be expected from inhibition of TAG lipolysis. In contrast, both high turnover and depletion of membrane lipids, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), were observed in NO 3 --deprived cultures (both the headgroups and fatty acid chains), while less turnover was observed in NO 3 - replete cultures. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry mass spectra and 13C labeling patterns of PC headgroups provided insight into lipid synthesis in marine diatoms, including suggestion of an internal pool of glycine betaine that feeds choline synthesis. It was also observed that 16C fatty acid chains incorporated into TAGs and PCs contained an average of 14 13C carbons, indicating substantial incorporation of 13C-bicarbonate into fatty acid chains under both nutrient states.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 876-885 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Bioenergy Research |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2012 |
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Keywords
- Algae
- Biodiesel
- De novo lipid biosynthesis
- Fatty acid metabolism
- Nitrate
- Nutrients
- Phaeodactylum tricornutum
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Agronomy and Crop Science
- Energy (miscellaneous)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Cite this
Dynamics of Lipid Biosynthesis and Redistribution in the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Under Nitrate Deprivation. / Burrows, Elizabeth H.; Bennette, Nicholas B.; Carrieri, Damian; Dixon, Joseph L.; Brinker, Anita; Frada, Miguel; Baldassano, Steven N.; Falkowski, Paul G.; Dismukes, G. Charles.
In: Bioenergy Research, Vol. 5, No. 4, 12.2012, p. 876-885.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Dynamics of Lipid Biosynthesis and Redistribution in the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Under Nitrate Deprivation
AU - Burrows, Elizabeth H.
AU - Bennette, Nicholas B.
AU - Carrieri, Damian
AU - Dixon, Joseph L.
AU - Brinker, Anita
AU - Frada, Miguel
AU - Baldassano, Steven N.
AU - Falkowski, Paul G.
AU - Dismukes, G. Charles
PY - 2012/12
Y1 - 2012/12
N2 - One approach to achieve continuous overproduction of lipids in microalgal "cell factories" relies upon depletion or removal of nutrients that act as competing electron sinks (e. g., nitrate and sulfate). However, this strategy can only be effective for bioenergy applications if lipid is synthesized primarily de novo (from CO 2 fixation) rather than from the breakdown and interconversion of essential cellular components. In the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, it was determined, using 13C-bicarbonate, that cell growth in nitrate (NO 3 -)-deprived cultures resulted predominantly in de novo lipid synthesis (60 % over 3 days), and this new lipid consisted primarily of triacylglycerides (TAGs). Nearly complete preservation of 12C occurred in all previously existing TAGs in NO 3 --deprived cultures and thus, further TAG accumulation would not be expected from inhibition of TAG lipolysis. In contrast, both high turnover and depletion of membrane lipids, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), were observed in NO 3 --deprived cultures (both the headgroups and fatty acid chains), while less turnover was observed in NO 3 - replete cultures. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry mass spectra and 13C labeling patterns of PC headgroups provided insight into lipid synthesis in marine diatoms, including suggestion of an internal pool of glycine betaine that feeds choline synthesis. It was also observed that 16C fatty acid chains incorporated into TAGs and PCs contained an average of 14 13C carbons, indicating substantial incorporation of 13C-bicarbonate into fatty acid chains under both nutrient states.
AB - One approach to achieve continuous overproduction of lipids in microalgal "cell factories" relies upon depletion or removal of nutrients that act as competing electron sinks (e. g., nitrate and sulfate). However, this strategy can only be effective for bioenergy applications if lipid is synthesized primarily de novo (from CO 2 fixation) rather than from the breakdown and interconversion of essential cellular components. In the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, it was determined, using 13C-bicarbonate, that cell growth in nitrate (NO 3 -)-deprived cultures resulted predominantly in de novo lipid synthesis (60 % over 3 days), and this new lipid consisted primarily of triacylglycerides (TAGs). Nearly complete preservation of 12C occurred in all previously existing TAGs in NO 3 --deprived cultures and thus, further TAG accumulation would not be expected from inhibition of TAG lipolysis. In contrast, both high turnover and depletion of membrane lipids, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), were observed in NO 3 --deprived cultures (both the headgroups and fatty acid chains), while less turnover was observed in NO 3 - replete cultures. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry mass spectra and 13C labeling patterns of PC headgroups provided insight into lipid synthesis in marine diatoms, including suggestion of an internal pool of glycine betaine that feeds choline synthesis. It was also observed that 16C fatty acid chains incorporated into TAGs and PCs contained an average of 14 13C carbons, indicating substantial incorporation of 13C-bicarbonate into fatty acid chains under both nutrient states.
KW - Algae
KW - Biodiesel
KW - De novo lipid biosynthesis
KW - Fatty acid metabolism
KW - Nitrate
KW - Nutrients
KW - Phaeodactylum tricornutum
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84868493213&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84868493213&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12155-012-9201-7
DO - 10.1007/s12155-012-9201-7
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84868493213
VL - 5
SP - 876
EP - 885
JO - Bioenergy Research
JF - Bioenergy Research
SN - 1939-1234
IS - 4
ER -