Abstract
Gd-doped ceria (CGO), one of the most extensively studied oxygen ion conductors, is a low dielectric constant/low mechanical compliance material exhibiting large nonclassical electrostriction. The electromechanical response of the micro-electromechanical devices with CGO films as an active material described previously can not be attributed exclusively to electrostriction. Here it is shown that, below 1 Hz, in addition to electrostriction (second-harmonic response), there is a strong contribution of the electro-chemomechanical effect (ECM, first harmonic response). ECM is the change in mechanical dimensions of ionic and mixed ionic-electronic conductors as a result of a change in chemical composition induced by an electric field. In batteries, the presence of ECM is highly detrimental. In ceria at room temperature, it was considered to be negligible because of slow oxygen diffusion. This work demonstrates ECM actuation at ambient temperature and moderate electric field (<5 V µm −1 ). ECM-induced strain is attributed to reversible oxidation/ reduction of TiO 2 layers at the Ti-CGO interface. At 25 °C, the ECM bending strain is 1.2 × 10 −6 , increasing exponentially with temperature. These data suggest that with a proper choice of materials, ECM-type response can be a viable mechanism for mechanical actuation at ambient and also at slightly elevated temperatures.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 1801592 |
| Journal | Advanced Materials Interfaces |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 1 2019 |
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Keywords
- electro-chemomechanical effects
- electromechanical actuation
- electrostriction
- Gd-doped ceria
- micro-electromechanical systems
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Mechanics of Materials
- Mechanical Engineering
Cite this
Electro-chemomechanical Contribution to Mechanical Actuation in Gd-Doped Ceria Membranes. / Mishuk, Eran; Ushakov, Andrei; Makagon, Evgeniy; Cohen, Sidney R.; Wachtel, Ellen; Paul, Tanmoy; Tsur, Yoed; Shur, Vladimir Ya; Kholkin, Andrei; Lubomirsky, Igor.
In: Advanced Materials Interfaces, 01.01.2019.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Electro-chemomechanical Contribution to Mechanical Actuation in Gd-Doped Ceria Membranes
AU - Mishuk, Eran
AU - Ushakov, Andrei
AU - Makagon, Evgeniy
AU - Cohen, Sidney R.
AU - Wachtel, Ellen
AU - Paul, Tanmoy
AU - Tsur, Yoed
AU - Shur, Vladimir Ya
AU - Kholkin, Andrei
AU - Lubomirsky, Igor
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Gd-doped ceria (CGO), one of the most extensively studied oxygen ion conductors, is a low dielectric constant/low mechanical compliance material exhibiting large nonclassical electrostriction. The electromechanical response of the micro-electromechanical devices with CGO films as an active material described previously can not be attributed exclusively to electrostriction. Here it is shown that, below 1 Hz, in addition to electrostriction (second-harmonic response), there is a strong contribution of the electro-chemomechanical effect (ECM, first harmonic response). ECM is the change in mechanical dimensions of ionic and mixed ionic-electronic conductors as a result of a change in chemical composition induced by an electric field. In batteries, the presence of ECM is highly detrimental. In ceria at room temperature, it was considered to be negligible because of slow oxygen diffusion. This work demonstrates ECM actuation at ambient temperature and moderate electric field (<5 V µm −1 ). ECM-induced strain is attributed to reversible oxidation/ reduction of TiO 2 layers at the Ti-CGO interface. At 25 °C, the ECM bending strain is 1.2 × 10 −6 , increasing exponentially with temperature. These data suggest that with a proper choice of materials, ECM-type response can be a viable mechanism for mechanical actuation at ambient and also at slightly elevated temperatures.
AB - Gd-doped ceria (CGO), one of the most extensively studied oxygen ion conductors, is a low dielectric constant/low mechanical compliance material exhibiting large nonclassical electrostriction. The electromechanical response of the micro-electromechanical devices with CGO films as an active material described previously can not be attributed exclusively to electrostriction. Here it is shown that, below 1 Hz, in addition to electrostriction (second-harmonic response), there is a strong contribution of the electro-chemomechanical effect (ECM, first harmonic response). ECM is the change in mechanical dimensions of ionic and mixed ionic-electronic conductors as a result of a change in chemical composition induced by an electric field. In batteries, the presence of ECM is highly detrimental. In ceria at room temperature, it was considered to be negligible because of slow oxygen diffusion. This work demonstrates ECM actuation at ambient temperature and moderate electric field (<5 V µm −1 ). ECM-induced strain is attributed to reversible oxidation/ reduction of TiO 2 layers at the Ti-CGO interface. At 25 °C, the ECM bending strain is 1.2 × 10 −6 , increasing exponentially with temperature. These data suggest that with a proper choice of materials, ECM-type response can be a viable mechanism for mechanical actuation at ambient and also at slightly elevated temperatures.
KW - electro-chemomechanical effects
KW - electromechanical actuation
KW - electrostriction
KW - Gd-doped ceria
KW - micro-electromechanical systems
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061275481&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85061275481&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/admi.201801592
DO - 10.1002/admi.201801592
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85061275481
JO - Advanced Materials Interfaces
JF - Advanced Materials Interfaces
SN - 2196-7350
M1 - 1801592
ER -