Abstract
The electronic properties of N-doped rutile TiO 2(110) have been investigated using synchrotron-based photoemission and density-functional calculations. The doping via N 2 + ion bombardment leads to the implantation of N atoms (∼5% saturation concentration) that coexist with O vacancies. Ti 2p core level spectra show the formation of Ti 3+ and a second partially reduced Ti species with oxidation states between +4 and +3. The valence region of the TiO 2-xN y(110) systems exhibits a broad peak for Ti 3+ near the Fermi level and N-induced features above the O 2p valence band that shift the edge up by ∼0.5 eV. The magnitude of this shift is consistent with the "redshift" observed in the ultraviolet spectrum of N-doped TiO 2. The experimental and theoretical results show the existence of attractive interactions between the dopant and O vacancies. First, the presence of N embedded in the surface layer reduces the formation energy of O vacancies. Second, the existence of O vacancies stabilizes the N impurities with respect to N 2(g) formation. When oxygen vacancies and N impurities are together there is an electron transfer from the higher energy 3d band of Ti 3+ to the lower energy 2p band of the N 2- impurities.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 094706 |
Journal | Journal of Chemical Physics |
Volume | 125 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Sep 18 2006 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry