Abstract
Ruddlesden–Popper reduced-dimensional hybrid perovskite (RDP) semiconductors have attracted significant attention recently due to their promising stability and excellent optoelectronic properties. Here, the RDP crystallization mechanism in real time from liquid precursors to the solid film is investigated, and how the phase transition kinetics influences phase purity, quantum well orientation, and photovoltaic performance is revealed. An important template-induced nucleation and growth of the desired (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 phase, which is achieved only via direct crystallization without formation of intermediate phases, is observed. As such, the thermodynamically preferred perpendicular crystal orientation and high phase purity are obtained. At low temperature, the formation of intermediate phases, including PbI2 crystals and solvate complexes, slows down intercalation of ions and increases nucleation barrier, leading to formation of multiple RDP phases and orientation randomness. These insights enable to obtain high quality (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 films with preferentially perpendicular quantum well orientation, high phase purity, smooth film surface, and improved optoelectronic properties. The resulting devices exhibit high power conversion efficiency of 12.17%. This work should help guide the perovskite community to better control Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite structure and further improve optoelectronic and solar cell devices.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 1707166 |
| Journal | Advanced Materials |
| Volume | 30 |
| Issue number | 21 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - May 24 2018 |
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Keywords
- in situ diagnostics
- phase transitions
- Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites
- solar cells
- solution processing
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- Mechanics of Materials
- Mechanical Engineering
Cite this
Phase Transition Control for High Performance Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells. / Zhang, Xu; Munir, Rahim; Xu, Zhuo; Liu, Yucheng; Tsai, Hsinhan; Nie, Wanyi; Li, Jianbo; Niu, Tianqi; Smilgies, Detlef M.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G; Mohite, Aditya D.; Zhao, Kui; Amassian, Aram; Liu, Shengzhong Frank.
In: Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, No. 21, 1707166, 24.05.2018.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Phase Transition Control for High Performance Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
AU - Zhang, Xu
AU - Munir, Rahim
AU - Xu, Zhuo
AU - Liu, Yucheng
AU - Tsai, Hsinhan
AU - Nie, Wanyi
AU - Li, Jianbo
AU - Niu, Tianqi
AU - Smilgies, Detlef M.
AU - Kanatzidis, Mercouri G
AU - Mohite, Aditya D.
AU - Zhao, Kui
AU - Amassian, Aram
AU - Liu, Shengzhong Frank
PY - 2018/5/24
Y1 - 2018/5/24
N2 - Ruddlesden–Popper reduced-dimensional hybrid perovskite (RDP) semiconductors have attracted significant attention recently due to their promising stability and excellent optoelectronic properties. Here, the RDP crystallization mechanism in real time from liquid precursors to the solid film is investigated, and how the phase transition kinetics influences phase purity, quantum well orientation, and photovoltaic performance is revealed. An important template-induced nucleation and growth of the desired (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 phase, which is achieved only via direct crystallization without formation of intermediate phases, is observed. As such, the thermodynamically preferred perpendicular crystal orientation and high phase purity are obtained. At low temperature, the formation of intermediate phases, including PbI2 crystals and solvate complexes, slows down intercalation of ions and increases nucleation barrier, leading to formation of multiple RDP phases and orientation randomness. These insights enable to obtain high quality (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 films with preferentially perpendicular quantum well orientation, high phase purity, smooth film surface, and improved optoelectronic properties. The resulting devices exhibit high power conversion efficiency of 12.17%. This work should help guide the perovskite community to better control Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite structure and further improve optoelectronic and solar cell devices.
AB - Ruddlesden–Popper reduced-dimensional hybrid perovskite (RDP) semiconductors have attracted significant attention recently due to their promising stability and excellent optoelectronic properties. Here, the RDP crystallization mechanism in real time from liquid precursors to the solid film is investigated, and how the phase transition kinetics influences phase purity, quantum well orientation, and photovoltaic performance is revealed. An important template-induced nucleation and growth of the desired (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 phase, which is achieved only via direct crystallization without formation of intermediate phases, is observed. As such, the thermodynamically preferred perpendicular crystal orientation and high phase purity are obtained. At low temperature, the formation of intermediate phases, including PbI2 crystals and solvate complexes, slows down intercalation of ions and increases nucleation barrier, leading to formation of multiple RDP phases and orientation randomness. These insights enable to obtain high quality (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 films with preferentially perpendicular quantum well orientation, high phase purity, smooth film surface, and improved optoelectronic properties. The resulting devices exhibit high power conversion efficiency of 12.17%. This work should help guide the perovskite community to better control Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite structure and further improve optoelectronic and solar cell devices.
KW - in situ diagnostics
KW - phase transitions
KW - Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites
KW - solar cells
KW - solution processing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85044782897&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85044782897&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/adma.201707166
DO - 10.1002/adma.201707166
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85044782897
VL - 30
JO - Advanced Materials
JF - Advanced Materials
SN - 0935-9648
IS - 21
M1 - 1707166
ER -