Abstract
The new salts trans-4′-(dimethylamino)-N-R-4-stilbazolium hexafluorophosphate (R = methyl, Me 1, phenyl, Ph 2, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, DNPh 3, 2-pyrimidyl, Pym 4, Scheme 1) have been prepared. Their electronic absorption spectra show intense, visible intramolecular charge-transfer bands, the energy (Emax) of which decreases in the order R = Me > Ph > DNPh > Pym. This trend arises from the steadily increasing electron deficiency of the pyridinium ring, a phenomenon also observed in cyclic voltammetric and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Fluorescence-free first hyperpolarizability β values of [1-4]PF6 were measured by using femtosecond hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) with acetonitrile solutions and a 1300 nm laser, and static first hyperpolarizabilities β0 were obtained by application of the two-state model. The HRS results indicate that the N-aryl chromophores in [2-4]PF6 have considerably larger β0 values than their N-methyl counterpart in [1]PF6, with a ca. 10-fold increase in β0 observed in moving from [1]PF6 to [4]PF6 (25 → 230 × 10-30 esu). Stark (electroabsorption) spectroscopic studies in butyronitrile glasses at 77 K allowed the derivation of dipole moment changes Δμ12 (10.9-14.8 D), which have been used to calculate β0 according to the two-state equation β0 = 3Δμ12(μ12)2/2(Emax) 2 (μ12 = transition dipole moment). With the exception of [1]PF6, the Stark-derived β0 values are in reasonable agreement with those from HRS. However, the increase in β0 in moving from [1]PF6 to [4]PF6 is only 2-fold for the Stark data (90 → 185 × 10-30 esu). The observed trend of increasing β0 in the order [1]PF6 <[3]PF6 <[2]PF6 <[4]PF6 arises from a combination of decreasing Emax and increasing Δμ12, with only a slight increase in μ12 between [1]PF6 and [4]PF6. It is likely that the β0 values for [3]PF6 are lower than expected due to the steric effect of the ortho-NO2 group, which causes twisting of the DNPh ring out of the plane of the stilbazolium unit. A single crystal X-ray structure shows that [2]PF6 crystallizes in the space group Cc, with head-to-tail alignment and almost parallel stacking of the pseudo-planar stilbazolium portions of the cations to form polar sheets within a polar bulk structure. [2]PF6 is essentially isostructural with the related Schiff base salt trans-4-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl)iminomethyl]-N-phenylpyridinium hexafluoro-phosphate ([8]PF6). Second harmonic generation (SHG) studies on [2]PF6 and [8]PF6 using a 1907 nm laser and sieved powdered samples (53-63 μm) afforded efficiencies of 470 and 240 times that of urea, respectively. Under the same conditions, the well-studied compound [1]p-MeC6H4SO3 gave an SHG efficiency of 550 times that of urea.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 110-116 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Advanced Functional Materials |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Feb 2002 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Materials Science(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
Cite this
Quadratic nonlinear optical properties of N-aryl stilbazolium dyes. / Coe, B. J.; Harris, J. A.; Asselberghs, I.; Clays, K.; Olbrechts, G.; Persoons, A.; Hupp, Joseph T; Johnson, R. C.; Coles, S. J.; Hursthouse, M. B.; Nakatani, K.
In: Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 12, No. 2, 02.2002, p. 110-116.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Quadratic nonlinear optical properties of N-aryl stilbazolium dyes
AU - Coe, B. J.
AU - Harris, J. A.
AU - Asselberghs, I.
AU - Clays, K.
AU - Olbrechts, G.
AU - Persoons, A.
AU - Hupp, Joseph T
AU - Johnson, R. C.
AU - Coles, S. J.
AU - Hursthouse, M. B.
AU - Nakatani, K.
PY - 2002/2
Y1 - 2002/2
N2 - The new salts trans-4′-(dimethylamino)-N-R-4-stilbazolium hexafluorophosphate (R = methyl, Me 1, phenyl, Ph 2, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, DNPh 3, 2-pyrimidyl, Pym 4, Scheme 1) have been prepared. Their electronic absorption spectra show intense, visible intramolecular charge-transfer bands, the energy (Emax) of which decreases in the order R = Me > Ph > DNPh > Pym. This trend arises from the steadily increasing electron deficiency of the pyridinium ring, a phenomenon also observed in cyclic voltammetric and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Fluorescence-free first hyperpolarizability β values of [1-4]PF6 were measured by using femtosecond hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) with acetonitrile solutions and a 1300 nm laser, and static first hyperpolarizabilities β0 were obtained by application of the two-state model. The HRS results indicate that the N-aryl chromophores in [2-4]PF6 have considerably larger β0 values than their N-methyl counterpart in [1]PF6, with a ca. 10-fold increase in β0 observed in moving from [1]PF6 to [4]PF6 (25 → 230 × 10-30 esu). Stark (electroabsorption) spectroscopic studies in butyronitrile glasses at 77 K allowed the derivation of dipole moment changes Δμ12 (10.9-14.8 D), which have been used to calculate β0 according to the two-state equation β0 = 3Δμ12(μ12)2/2(Emax) 2 (μ12 = transition dipole moment). With the exception of [1]PF6, the Stark-derived β0 values are in reasonable agreement with those from HRS. However, the increase in β0 in moving from [1]PF6 to [4]PF6 is only 2-fold for the Stark data (90 → 185 × 10-30 esu). The observed trend of increasing β0 in the order [1]PF6 <[3]PF6 <[2]PF6 <[4]PF6 arises from a combination of decreasing Emax and increasing Δμ12, with only a slight increase in μ12 between [1]PF6 and [4]PF6. It is likely that the β0 values for [3]PF6 are lower than expected due to the steric effect of the ortho-NO2 group, which causes twisting of the DNPh ring out of the plane of the stilbazolium unit. A single crystal X-ray structure shows that [2]PF6 crystallizes in the space group Cc, with head-to-tail alignment and almost parallel stacking of the pseudo-planar stilbazolium portions of the cations to form polar sheets within a polar bulk structure. [2]PF6 is essentially isostructural with the related Schiff base salt trans-4-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl)iminomethyl]-N-phenylpyridinium hexafluoro-phosphate ([8]PF6). Second harmonic generation (SHG) studies on [2]PF6 and [8]PF6 using a 1907 nm laser and sieved powdered samples (53-63 μm) afforded efficiencies of 470 and 240 times that of urea, respectively. Under the same conditions, the well-studied compound [1]p-MeC6H4SO3 gave an SHG efficiency of 550 times that of urea.
AB - The new salts trans-4′-(dimethylamino)-N-R-4-stilbazolium hexafluorophosphate (R = methyl, Me 1, phenyl, Ph 2, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, DNPh 3, 2-pyrimidyl, Pym 4, Scheme 1) have been prepared. Their electronic absorption spectra show intense, visible intramolecular charge-transfer bands, the energy (Emax) of which decreases in the order R = Me > Ph > DNPh > Pym. This trend arises from the steadily increasing electron deficiency of the pyridinium ring, a phenomenon also observed in cyclic voltammetric and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Fluorescence-free first hyperpolarizability β values of [1-4]PF6 were measured by using femtosecond hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) with acetonitrile solutions and a 1300 nm laser, and static first hyperpolarizabilities β0 were obtained by application of the two-state model. The HRS results indicate that the N-aryl chromophores in [2-4]PF6 have considerably larger β0 values than their N-methyl counterpart in [1]PF6, with a ca. 10-fold increase in β0 observed in moving from [1]PF6 to [4]PF6 (25 → 230 × 10-30 esu). Stark (electroabsorption) spectroscopic studies in butyronitrile glasses at 77 K allowed the derivation of dipole moment changes Δμ12 (10.9-14.8 D), which have been used to calculate β0 according to the two-state equation β0 = 3Δμ12(μ12)2/2(Emax) 2 (μ12 = transition dipole moment). With the exception of [1]PF6, the Stark-derived β0 values are in reasonable agreement with those from HRS. However, the increase in β0 in moving from [1]PF6 to [4]PF6 is only 2-fold for the Stark data (90 → 185 × 10-30 esu). The observed trend of increasing β0 in the order [1]PF6 <[3]PF6 <[2]PF6 <[4]PF6 arises from a combination of decreasing Emax and increasing Δμ12, with only a slight increase in μ12 between [1]PF6 and [4]PF6. It is likely that the β0 values for [3]PF6 are lower than expected due to the steric effect of the ortho-NO2 group, which causes twisting of the DNPh ring out of the plane of the stilbazolium unit. A single crystal X-ray structure shows that [2]PF6 crystallizes in the space group Cc, with head-to-tail alignment and almost parallel stacking of the pseudo-planar stilbazolium portions of the cations to form polar sheets within a polar bulk structure. [2]PF6 is essentially isostructural with the related Schiff base salt trans-4-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl)iminomethyl]-N-phenylpyridinium hexafluoro-phosphate ([8]PF6). Second harmonic generation (SHG) studies on [2]PF6 and [8]PF6 using a 1907 nm laser and sieved powdered samples (53-63 μm) afforded efficiencies of 470 and 240 times that of urea, respectively. Under the same conditions, the well-studied compound [1]p-MeC6H4SO3 gave an SHG efficiency of 550 times that of urea.
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U2 - 10.1002/1616-3028(20020201)12:2<110::AID-ADFM110>3.0.CO;2-Y
DO - 10.1002/1616-3028(20020201)12:2<110::AID-ADFM110>3.0.CO;2-Y
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0036470861
VL - 12
SP - 110
EP - 116
JO - Advanced Functional Materials
JF - Advanced Functional Materials
SN - 1616-301X
IS - 2
ER -