@article{220cc4ee6f1e4a8ab8f0bcb696d5e287,
title = "X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the local structures of crystalline Zn-In-Sn oxide thin films",
abstract = "The local structure of a Zn, Sn codoped In2 O3 thin film grown on c -plane sapphire by pulsed-laser deposition was examined by polarization-dependent x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The bixbyite film structure is both out-of-plane and in-plane oriented, and the structural results show that both Zn and Sn dopants occupy In sites. The In-O bond length is comparable to that in powder In2 O3. However, both Sn-O and Zn-O bonds have two distinct distances in the first shell. Some of the Zn dopants are undercoordinated and, accordingly, some isovalent Sn dopants are overcoordinated for charge balance. In addition, the results suggest that the aliovalent Sn dopants form Frank-K{\"o}stlin clusters, (2 Sn In Oi″) x, which provide enough charge carriers to explain the Hall measurements.",
author = "Proffit, {D. E.} and Buchholz, {D. B.} and Chang, {R. P.H.} and Bedzyk, {M. J.} and Mason, {T. O.} and Q. Ma",
note = "Funding Information: This work is supported in part by the NSF MRSEC program at Northwestern University under Grant No. DMR-0520513 (D.B.B., R.P.H.C., M.J.B., and T.O.M.) and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46536 (D.B.B., R.P.H.C., and T.O.M.). D.E.P. acknowledges the support of a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. DND-CAT is supported by the E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Co., the NSF via Grant No. DMR-9304725 (M.J.B. and Q.M.), and the State of Illinois via Grant No. IBHE HECA NWU 96. The APS is supported by the DOE via Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with K. R. Poeppelmeier and C. A. Hoel.",
year = "2009",
doi = "10.1063/1.3259385",
language = "English",
volume = "106",
journal = "Journal of Applied Physics",
issn = "0021-8979",
publisher = "American Institute of Physics Publising LLC",
number = "11",
}